Chapter Two

Position of Man In Universe


Other important question in front of man is his own existence, his position in this universe and his relation to this universe. Actually this is Socrates who raised this question. He states that humans should recognize themselves first rather then exploring matter. His slogan was “Actualize yourself”. Actually answer to this question direct us towards the formation of our behavior to this universe.
Different philosophers has tried differently to answer this question and to find the place and relation of human to this universe. Ancient philosophers says that man is reflective image of this universe and by acquiring harmony by this universe he can get pleasure. According to modern philosophers, this universe is actually a machine and human is part of it. In modern era only the Cont is a philosopher, who says that the internal values of human are also important. According to this point view, internal values of human are very important as well, who pursues him for virtue, which is obvious proof of presence of God.
We can say that philosophers are divided in three groups: first group says man is like insects and both of them have same ends. Second group says man is part of a machine and third group says that the real object and main center of universe is man. By the intellect the right and wrong of these all opinions can be judged. First group has actually humiliated the man by equalizing him with insects. The entity who is discovering many things how it can be related to insects. The second group has said is a part of machine and has subordinated him to something happening automatically, having no individual identity. Third group, however, has reasonably explained the man as center of this universe
The three celestial religions also have their own clear and solid point of view about the man’s existence and his relation to this universe. For example, according to Jews man is placed at high place and is little lower then God. According to Christians the man is criminal. Islam has very different point of view, according to it the man is actually “deputy” of God in this universe. For understanding the Islam’s point of view it necessary to understand the difference of philosophy and religion. The touchstone of philosophy is intellect, but religion only follows the laws made by Allah. These law and orders may not be proved by intellect, but they satisfy us.
Similarly man is granted by all those characteristics, which were necessary for him to perform his duty as Deputy of Allah:
First property is the freedom to act, although this freedom is not absolute and has some limits.
Secondly, the human is made “best of Creatures”.
Thirdly, three-dimensional arrangement is made by intellect, intuition and revelation. By using all these three sources man not only can actualize himself, but also can recognize his position and relation with regard to universe.
Fourthly, the man has granted the ability to subdue the universe and use it for benefits of mankind. With all these favors, he also has some responsibilities. For example; he is accountable to Allah for all of his deeds. He is given the wisdom to live as society and he has some duties to perform in this prospect.
Despite of all this, although all mankind is created by Allah, but only those who will follow his laws, will be placed in the position of “Deputy of Allah”.