Chapter One include;

Definition of Instructional Technology

Definition of Educational Technology

Commanalities between Instructional Technology and Educational Technology

Difference Between Instructional Technology and Educational Technology

Scop of Instructional Technology

Importance of Instructional Technology in Educational settings

Here you can find educational concepts of different muslim philosophers like ;
Imam Ghazali
Ibn-e-Sena
Ibn-e-Khaldon
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Allama Zarnoji
Features of Education in Early Era of Islam
"Phalsphay Kay bunyadi masail (Qur’an ki roshni mien)" by Ameen Ahsan Eslahe
(Book Summary)
Components of culture

Imam Ghazali

Q1. Write down the full name of Imam Ghazali?

His full name was Imam Muhammad alghazali.

Q2. Write down the name of famous books of imam ghazali?

His famous books are Kemia-e-saadat Ahya-e-aloom.

Q3. According to imam Ghazali what was the concept of knowledge?

According to him prophet got real knowledge through revelation and man can get this knowledge through reasoning and thinking.

Q4. Describe two categories of knowledge by Imam Ghazali?

Imam Ghzali has divided knowledge into two broad categories:

1. Elm-e-mehmood; The knowledge which is beneficial for human being fall in this category e.g., Quran, hadith, fiqh and professional knowledge.

2. Elm-e-mazmoom: The knowledge, which is harmful for the human being fall in this category e.g. magic etc.

Q5. What are the objectives education according to Imam Ghzali?

1. Reorganization of Allah Almighty.

2. Bowing before Allah.

3. Promotion of ethical values.

4. Character building.

5. Capturing the universe.

Q6. Describe the curriculum purposed by Imam Ghazali?/what is meant by Farz-e-ain and farz-e-kafya by Imam Ghazali?

Imam Ghazali divided the curriculum into two broad categories:

a. Compulsory subjects: these include Quran, hadith, fiqh and tafseer.

b. Optional subjects: these include medicine, agriculture, politics etc.

Q7. Describe the characteristics of a teacher purposed by Imam Ghzali?

1. He should take students as his/her own children.

2. There should be a coordination in their saying and doing.

3. They should keep in mind the age, ability and intellectual level of the students while teaching.

4. They should keep on advising them.

5. Teachers should follow the moral values.

6. Teacher should not punish the students, if it become indispensible then only three lashes are allowed.

Q8. Describe the guideline for students presented by Imam Ghazali?

1. Students should not be proud of their knowledge.

2. They should be obedient.

3. They should try to master all the basic areas of knowledge.

4. They should learn different subjects step by step.

5. They should be slow and steady to gain the knowledge.

Ibn-e-Khaldoon

Q1. Write down the full name of Ibn-e-khaldoon?

His full name was Wali uddin Abdul Rehman.

Q2. Write down the names of book by Ibn-e-khaldoon?

Muqadma-e-ibne-khaldoon is famous book written by Ibn-e-khaldoon.

Q3. Describe the concept of value by Ibn-e-khaldoon?

According to him justice is the basic value for a society. If there is no justice in the society then it will be ruined.

Q4. What are the objectives of education by Ibn-e-khaldoon?

1. Education is physical need.

2. Reorganization of Allah Almighty.

3. Development of creative skills.

4. Development of self confidence.

5. Enhancement of cognitive skills.

Q5. Describe the curriculum proposed by Ibn-e-khaldoon?

According to him:

a. The curriculum should be in accordance with the age and mental level of the student.

b. It should proceed from easy and difficult.

c. The primary education should be given in child’s mother tongue.

d. Mathematics should be taught as compulsory subject.

Q6. Describe the categories of subjects presented by Ibn-e-khaldoon?/ what is meant by Naqli loom and aqli aloom?

1. Naqli Aloom; these are originated from Quran and tafseer, fiqh, hadith and grammar.

2. Aqli Aloom; these are gained through experimentation, observation and logical reasoning and include logic, philosophy, mathematics, physics etc.

Q7. According to Ibn-e-khaldoon what type of teaching methodologies should be adopted by the teachers?

1. Use psychological techniques.

2. Gradually proceed from easy to difficult.

3. Discussion method.

4. Study tours.

Ibne-e-Sina


Q1. Write down the full name of Ibne-e-sina?


His name was Abu Ali Hussain Bin Hussain. He was commonly known as Sheikh Bu Ali Sina.


Q2. Write down the names of books written by Ibne-e-sina?


He wrote more then one hundred books on multiple topics. Most famous of them are Alshifa and Alqanoon.


Q3. Describe the concept of knowledge by Ibne-e-sina?


According to him insight and logic are true sources of knowledge.


Q4. Describe the objectives of education by Ibne-e-sina?


a. Reorganization of Allah Almighty.


b. Developing the cognitive skills.


c. Accordance between sayings and deeds.


Q5. Describe the curriculum proposed by Ibne-e-sina?/ describe the categories of knowledge presented by Ibne-e-sina?


The curriculum was divided into three catagories:


1. Superior knowledge; these are based on reasoning e.g. philosophy and logics.

2. Intermediate knowledge; these include the subjects which are partially material and partially spiritual e.g. astrology, music and mathematics.

3. Worldly knowledge; these include the subjects related to matter e.g. chemistry and physics.

Allama Zarnoji

Q1. Write down the names of books written by Allama Zarnoji?
His famous book is “ Taleem-ul-mutallam-tareeq-ul-mutallam’.

Q2. Describe the objectives of education presented by Allam Zarnoji?
According to him the objective should be;
1. Gain the willingness of God.
2. He emphasize that education should prepare the individual for the life here after.

Q3. Describe the curriculum proposed by Allam Zarnoji?
He give the primary importance to Quran and hadith. According to him at secondary level the fiqh and Asool-e-fiqh should be taught as compulsory subjects. In higher classes students should have the choose the subjects according to their aptitude.

Q4. Describe the teaching methodologies presented by Allam Zarnoji?
According to him teacher should use psychological techniques to increase the interest of students.

Q5. Describe the guideline for students presented by Allam Zarnoji?
He advised the students;
a. Select the teacher carefully.
b. Should be slow and steady to gain the knowledge.
c. Choose friends carefully.
d. Should gain knowledge in young age.

Q6. Describe the method of study advised by Allam Zarnoji?
According to Allam Zarnoji;
a. The students should study in night and after dawn.
b. He believe in understanding rather then cramming.
c. He advise that one should repeat current lesson five times.
d. Revise the previous lesson four times.
e. He also advise that student should study in balanced way.

Q1. Write Objectives of education in sub continent in Muslim era?
1. Gaining the willingness of Allah almighty.
2. Character building. Balanced growth.
3. Economical independence.
4. Preparation for Khilafathood.
5. Capturing the universe

Q2. Describe the curriculum in sub continent in Muslim era?
The general curriculum include Quran, fiqh, tafseer, astrology, agriculture and mathematics.
1. Curriculum at Primary Level;
The curriculum of this level include;
a. Initial reading and writing skills.
b. Persian books of Gulistan and Bostan were also taught to the students.
2. Curriculum at Secondary Level;
The curriculum at this level include
a. Language and literature and official drafting.
b. Reading and writing.
c. Mathematics, history and moralities were also part of syllabus. 2.
3. Curriculum at Higher Level;
At this level the curriculum include
a. Arabic language and literature.
b. Tafseer, hadith, fiqh etc.
c. Medium of instruction was Arabic.

Q3. Describe the characteristics of Dars-e-nizami?
This system of education was started about 400 years ago by Mula Nizam-ul-din Sahalvi. The salient features include;
1. It give more importance to philosophy and logic than quran.
2. History and geography was nor included in curriculum.
3. It include many books f Arabic grammar.
4. The emphasize was on understanding and gaining insight.
5. It promote the study habits of students.
6. More emphasize was given to theoretical knowledge.

Q4. Describe the teaching methodologies in Muslim Era of subcontinent?
1. Teaching method at Primary level;
It was initiated by Rasm-e-Bismillah. The child was made to recite Bismillah and some verses of Sura-e-alaq in front of Qari. After completion of the ceremony the formal education of child get started. The age of child at this time should be four years, four months and four days.
2. Teaching methods at Secondary and Higher Level;
At these level different methods were used some of them are as follows;
a. Lecture method.
b. Textbook method.
c. Deep study method.
d. Discussion method.

Q5. What is meant by “Moeed”?
In monitorial system the intelligent student of the class used to repeat the lesson of the teacher. He was titles as “Moeed”.

Q6. What is meant by Amokhta?
This is a system of evaluation at primary level in subcontinent. The teacher used to listen previous lesson after a weak or so to evaluate the previous learning.

Q7. Describe features of educational administration in muslim era of sub continent?
1. The institutes were autonomous.
2. No uniformity of disciplines.
3. No prerequisites for administration.
4. Unlimited time tenure for any level.
5. Absence of coordination among different institutions.
6. Free education.
7. Ideal discipline